TB-500 is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring peptide found in nearly all human and animal cells, known as Thymosin Beta 4 (TB-500). It is a groundbreaking drug candidate that facilitates the following:
* Differentiation of endothelial (blood vessel) cells
* Angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones) in dermal tissues
* Migration of keratinocytes
* Deposition of collagen; and
* Reduction of inflammation.
A significant mechanism of TB-500 is its capacity to regulate the cell-structuring protein, Actin, which is essential for cell integrity and movement. Among the multitude of proteins within cells, actin constitutes up to 10% of the total protein content, thus playing a crucial role in the cell's genetic structure.
This powerful peptide belongs to a widespread family of 16 related molecules that demonstrate high sequence and localization conservation in most body tissues and circulating cells. TB-500 not only interacts with actin but also inhibits actin polymerization, acting as the actin-sequestering molecule in eukaryotic cells.
TB-500 was identified as a gene that is up-regulated by four to six times during the initial stages of blood vessel formation, found to encourage the development of new blood cells from existing vessels. This peptide appears in wound fluid, and when administered through subcutaneous injection, enhances wound healing, muscle development, and accelerates the recovery of muscle fibers and cells.
Another crucial aspect of TB-500 is its facilitation of cell migration through a specific interaction with actin in the cytoskeleton. It has been shown that a central, small amino acid-long actin binding domain possesses properties that support both blood cell regeneration and wound healing. These properties are revealed by hastening the movement of endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Additionally, it boosts the production of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix.
Studies confirm that TB-500 serves as a potent, naturally occurring factor for wound repair with anti-inflammatory effects. Unlike other repair factors such as growth factors, TB-500 encourages migration of endothelial and keratinocyte cells. Furthermore, it does not bind to the extracellular matrix and exhibits a very low molecular weight, allowing it to traverse substantial distances through tissues.